One of the largest camps of Contrabands was in Hampton, constructed from rubble on the ruins of the town after it burned in August 1861, and on adjacent farmland. government and not returned to their enslavers. During the Civil War, thousands of fugitive slaves arrived at Fort Monroe, and although not technically free, the "Contrabands" were protected by the U.S. Since Butler was not authorized to emancipate slaves, he declared the three fugitives "contraband of war," or property who could be seized as part of the war effort. In May 1861, three slaves escaped from Confederate Hampton to Federally controlled Fort Monroe and petitioned its commander, Maj. Concentrations of bone and building materials are heaviest. Artifacts recovered include animal bone, ceramics, glass, building materials, and personal items. The site excavated is located northeast of the intersection of Armistead Avenue and Lincoln Street, on property owned by the Hampton Redevelopment and Housing Authority (HRHA). This collection contains materials excavated by James River Institute for Archaeology from May to July 2014 from part of Hampton's Grand Contraband Camp, site 44HT0119. Grand Contraband Camp excavation, 44HT0119
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